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INTERFENETIAL THERAPY

INTRODUCTION:

 

  • Interferential therapy is a form of electrical treatment in which two medium frequency currents are used to produce a low frequency effects.
  • Medium frequency currents of around 4000Hz, while able to stimulate motor and sensory nerves, encounter a much lower skin-impedence.
  • IFT uses to applying deeper tissues.

 

PRINCIPLES:

Beat frequency

Skin resistance depends on frequency. Resistence inversely

Z = I/2FC

Z – skin resistance

F – frequency

C – capacity of the skin

 

Interference effect:

  • Two medium frequency currents interefered in heterodyned to make beat frequency
  • The beat frequency can modulate

 

Principle of IFT effect

  • Frequency range is limiting values, by changing one channel frequency in IFT.

 

VARIATIONS OF INTERFERENCE:

Scale:

  • 1 -100Hz constrant
  • 1 -10Hz rhythmic
  • 90 -100Hz rhythmic

[ 10 sec – go up; 5 sec – come down]

 

Frequency swing by two control knobs:

  • 1-100Hz (Bosch)
  • 0 –150Hz (Endomed)

 

Skin current compensations:

  •  It is achieved by electrode placements.
  • Electrodes close together – resistance is decreased

 

Interferential vector system:

  • The vector mode advantage is specific area at any depth, it can be treated with pulse low frequency stimulation.

 

Electrokinesy:

  • It is one of the IFT application technique, which is using a glove type electrode worn by physiotherapist. It is apply with 4000Hz, carrying in low frequency modulation(50Hz) applied with glove electrode.

 

Surge:

  • It has varying surged upto 2-12 mins.

 

IFT with Galvanism(DC):

  • The IFT is combine with DC and select suitable pole.

 

Stereodynamic IFT:

  • In this technique, IFT applied with three pair of electrode or STAR electrode

 

 

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IFT:

The effects depends on

  • Selection frequency range
  • Rhythmic or constant frequency swings
  • Intensity
  • Accuracy of electrode placement
  • Circulation and neurological functions
  • Underlying pathophysiology

 

100Hz constant-

  • It is produce fine vibrations on sensory nerve endings – used of analgesic effect
  • Tingling sensation – decrease pain (applied for upto 10-15 mins)
  • Direct stimulation – inhibition of the sympathetic system(use to treat causalgic pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
  • Increase vasodilation

 

1-10Hz constant-

  • Effects on muscular contraction
  • Less sensory stimulation
  • Greater depth of muscle stimulation

 

1-100Hz rhythmic-

  • Fine vibrations of the ions leads to facilitate the ion movments through cell membrane.
  • It made increase venous return and lymphatic flow.

 

90-100Hz rhythmic-

  • Analgesic effect – especially neuralgic pain (e.g. Brachial neuralgia)

 

1-10Hz rhythmic-

  • Stimulatory effect on motor and underlying tissues
  • Increase vasodilatory effect
  • Vigorous pumping effect (help to start absorbtion of exudates)

 

Electrokinesy (50Hz with 4000Hz current)

  • Useful in pain and muscle spasm conditions with application 2-3 mins

 

 

INDICATIONS

  • Pain
  • Muscle spasm
  • Oedema
  • Haematoma(on first 24 hours used with ice packs)
  • Chronic ligamentous lesions
  • Trigger spots in myofascial syndrome
  • Stress incontinence (treat wih vaccum electrodes; 1-100Hz rhythmic with 15 mins application; electrode positioned in lower abdomen just above pubis and inside of thigh on upper posterior medial side)
  • Delayed union and Sudek’s atrophy – apply with 15-20 mins/day  for 2-3 weeks

 

CONTRAINDICATIONS

  • Arterial disese
  • DVT or thrombo-phlebitis
  • Infective conditions
  • Pregnancy
  • Danger of haemorrhage
  • Malignant tumours
  • Artificial pacemaker
  • During menstruation
  • Febile condtion
  • Large size open wound
  • Unreliable patients
  • Dermatological conditions

 

DOSAGE:

Intensity:

Depends on size of electrode

  • Low doses – not noticeable
  • Medium doses – just noticeable
  • High doses – clearly experienced, vigorous, pleasant sensation
  • Very high does – strong, vigorous, unpleasant sensation

 

Frequency and duration:

Analgesic –

  • Acute pain – 90-100Hz rhythmic, medium doses, 10 mins application
  • Chronic pain – 100Hz constant, medium doses, 10 mins application

 

Oedema:

  • 100Hz constant, medium dose, 10 mins
  • 1-100Hz rhythmic, medium dose, 10 mins

 

Tenacious exudates:

  • 1-100Hz rhythmic, high dose, 10mins
  • 1-10Hz rhythmic, high dose, 10mins

 

Pain due to sympathetic dysfunction:

  • 100Hz constant, medium dose, 10mins
  • 90-100Hz rhythmic, medium dose, 10mins

 

Stimulation of weak muscles with innervated:

  • 1-10Hz rhythmic, high dose, 5-15mins

 

Posterior root ganglior irritation:

  • 90-100Hz rhythmic, low dose, 10-15mins

 

Parametritis (pelvic inflammation):

  • 100Hz constant, medium dose, 15mins
  • 1-100Hz rhythmic, medium dose, 10mins

 

Phatom pain:

  • 100Hz constant or 90-100Hz rhythmic, high dose, 10mins

 

 

METHODS OF APPLICATION:

  • Metal plate electrode and pads
  • Quadripolar plate electrode
  • Suction cup electrodes
  • Quadripolar suction cup electrodes
  • Quadripolar probe electrode

 

TECHNIQUES OF APPLIATION:

  • Patient should be comfortable position
  • Skin is prepared as for low frequency stimulation(thoroughly washed and apply petroleum jelly if any skin lesions)
  • Site of treatment area is accurately located
  • Patient should be instructed about treatment, type current, sensation and effects
  • Set theTreatment frequency
  • Rise intensity
  • Get the patient verbal feedback about the sensation and rise the intensity with regular interval
  • After the completion of the session, get feedback about the treatment
  • Maintain patients record and fix next appointment.

 

 

DANGERS:

  • Burns – due to bare metal electrode, electrode close together, increase intensity, and decrease moisture in the pads
  • Haematoma (commonly seen in suction cup electrodes)
  • Poor results – due to faulty position, incorrect frequency and dose.

 

ADVANTAGES:

  • Large doses won’t produce chemical burns
  • Decreased sensation is not a contraindication
  • Metal implant is not a contraindication(IFT is apply with caution in this case)
  • Treatment with referred pain is effectlvely treated.

 

THOSE ABOVE ARE COLLECTED FROM SOME BOOKS AND WEBSITES..

THANK YOU,

SRIKUMARAN PHYSIOTHERAPY CLINIC & FITNESS CENTER

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