INTERFENETIAL THERAPY

INTRODUCTION:

Interferential therapy is a form of electrical treatment in which two medium frequency currents are used to produce a low frequency effects.
Medium frequency currents of around 4000Hz, while able to stimulate motor and sensory nerves, encounter a much lower skin-impedence.
IFT uses to applying deeper tissues.

PRINCIPLES:

Beat frequency

Skin resistance depends on frequency. Resistence inversely

Z = I/2FC

Z – skin resistance

F – frequency

C – capacity of the skin

Interference effect:

Two medium frequency currents interefered in heterodyned to make beat frequency
The beat frequency can modulate

Principle of IFT effect

Frequency range is limiting values, by changing one channel frequency in IFT.

VARIATIONS OF INTERFERENCE:

Scale:

1 -100Hz constrant
1 -10Hz rhythmic
90 -100Hz rhythmic

[ 10 sec – go up; 5 sec – come down]

Frequency swing by two control knobs:

1-100Hz (Bosch)
0 –150Hz (Endomed)

Skin current compensations:

It is achieved by electrode placements.
Electrodes close together – resistance is decreased

Interferential vector system:

The vector mode advantage is specific area at any depth, it can be treated with pulse low frequency stimulation.

Electrokinesy:

It is one of the IFT application technique, which is using a glove type electrode worn by physiotherapist. It is apply with 4000Hz, carrying in low frequency modulation(50Hz) applied with glove electrode.

Surge:

It has varying surged upto 2-12 mins.

IFT with Galvanism(DC):

The IFT is combine with DC and select suitable pole.

Stereodynamic IFT:

In this technique, IFT applied with three pair of electrode or STAR electrode

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IFT:

The effects depends on

Selection frequency range
Rhythmic or constant frequency swings
Intensity
Accuracy of electrode placement
Circulation and neurological functions
Underlying pathophysiology

100Hz constant-

It is produce fine vibrations on sensory nerve endings – used of analgesic effect
Tingling sensation – decrease pain (applied for upto 10-15 mins)
Direct stimulation – inhibition of the sympathetic system(use to treat causalgic pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
Increase vasodilation

1-10Hz constant-

Effects on muscular contraction
Less sensory stimulation
Greater depth of muscle stimulation

1-100Hz rhythmic-

Fine vibrations of the ions leads to facilitate the ion movments through cell membrane.
It made increase venous return and lymphatic flow.

90-100Hz rhythmic-

Analgesic effect – especially neuralgic pain (e.g. Brachial neuralgia)

1-10Hz rhythmic-

Stimulatory effect on motor and underlying tissues
Increase vasodilatory effect
Vigorous pumping effect (help to start absorbtion of exudates)

Electrokinesy (50Hz with 4000Hz current)

Useful in pain and muscle spasm conditions with application 2-3 mins

INDICATIONS

Pain
Muscle spasm
Oedema
Haematoma(on first 24 hours used with ice packs)
Chronic ligamentous lesions
Trigger spots in myofascial syndrome
Stress incontinence (treat wih vaccum electrodes; 1-100Hz rhythmic with 15 mins application; electrode positioned in lower abdomen just above pubis and inside of thigh on upper posterior medial side)
Delayed union and Sudek’s atrophy – apply with 15-20 mins/day for 2-3 weeks

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Arterial disese
DVT or thrombo-phlebitis
Infective conditions
Pregnancy
Danger of haemorrhage
Malignant tumours
Artificial pacemaker
During menstruation
Febile condtion
Large size open wound
Unreliable patients
Dermatological conditions

DOSAGE:

Intensity:

Depends on size of electrode

Low doses – not noticeable
Medium doses – just noticeable
High doses – clearly experienced, vigorous, pleasant sensation
Very high does – strong, vigorous, unpleasant sensation

Frequency and duration:

Analgesic –

Acute pain – 90-100Hz rhythmic, medium doses, 10 mins application
Chronic pain – 100Hz constant, medium doses, 10 mins application

Oedema:

100Hz constant, medium dose, 10 mins
1-100Hz rhythmic, medium dose, 10 mins

Tenacious exudates:

1-100Hz rhythmic, high dose, 10mins
1-10Hz rhythmic, high dose, 10mins

Pain due to sympathetic dysfunction:

100Hz constant, medium dose, 10mins
90-100Hz rhythmic, medium dose, 10mins

Stimulation of weak muscles with innervated:

1-10Hz rhythmic, high dose, 5-15mins

Posterior root ganglior irritation:

90-100Hz rhythmic, low dose, 10-15mins

Parametritis (pelvic inflammation):

100Hz constant, medium dose, 15mins
1-100Hz rhythmic, medium dose, 10mins

Phatom pain:

100Hz constant or 90-100Hz rhythmic, high dose, 10mins

METHODS OF APPLICATION:

Metal plate electrode and pads
Quadripolar plate electrode
Suction cup electrodes
Quadripolar suction cup electrodes
Quadripolar probe electrode

TECHNIQUES OF APPLIATION:

Patient should be comfortable position
Skin is prepared as for low frequency stimulation(thoroughly washed and apply petroleum jelly if any skin lesions)
Site of treatment area is accurately located
Patient should be instructed about treatment, type current, sensation and effects
Set theTreatment frequency
Rise intensity
Get the patient verbal feedback about the sensation and rise the intensity with regular interval
After the completion of the session, get feedback about the treatment
Maintain patients record and fix next appointment.

DANGERS:

Burns – due to bare metal electrode, electrode close together, increase intensity, and decrease moisture in the pads
Haematoma (commonly seen in suction cup electrodes)
Poor results – due to faulty position, incorrect frequency and dose.

ADVANTAGES:

Large doses won’t produce chemical burns
Decreased sensation is not a contraindication
Metal implant is not a contraindication(IFT is apply with caution in this case)
Treatment with referred pain is effectlvely treated.

THOSE ABOVE ARE COLLECTED FROM SOME BOOKS AND WEBSITES..

THANK YOU,

SRIKUMARAN PHYSIOTHERAPY CLINIC & FITNESS CENTER

Comments

முதுகு வலி மற்றும் முதுகு தண்டுவட வலி உள்ளவர்களுக்கு கடைபிடிக்க வேண்டிய சில வழிமுறைகள்....

முதுகு வலி மற்றும் முதுகு தண்டுவட வலி உள்ளவர்களுக்கு கடைபிடிக்க வேண்டிய சில வழிமுறைகள் .... பொதுவாக முதுகு வலி என்பது இன்றைய காலகட்டத்தில் பல பேருக்கு மிக அதிகமாகவே காணப்படுகிறது. இவ்வாறு வலி இருக்கும் பொழுது என்ன மாதிரியான வழிமுறைகளை கடைப்பிடிக்க வேண்டும் என்பதை கீழே விரிவாக பார்க்கலாம். பொதுவாக முதுகு வலி ஆரம்பிக்கும் பொழுது அவற்றை உதாசீனப்படுத்தாமல் அருகில் உள்ள மருத்துவரை அணுகி ஆலோசனை பெறுவது மிகவும் முக்கியம். மேலும் முதுகு வலி ஏற்படும் பொழுது அவற்றுக்கு தேவையான மருத்துவம்(medical management), இயன்முறை மருத்துவம்(physiotherapy treatment), பயிற்சிகள்(exercises) அல்லது அறுவை சிகிச்சை(surgery) மற்றும் புனர்வாழ்வு சிகிச்சைகள்(Rehabilitation) போன்றவை தேவைப்படலாம். மேலே கண்ட மருத்துவத்தில் ஏதாவது ஒன்றை எடுத்துக் கொள்ளும் பட்சத்தில் மேலும் முதுகு வலி வராமல் பாதுகாத்துக் கொள்ளவும், நமது அன்றாட வேலைகளை தொடர்ந்து செய்யவும், மருத்துவ உபகரணங்களை பயன்படுத்திக் கொள்ளவும்...

BRONCHIECTASIS

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiectasis means abnormal dilatation of the bronchi due to chronic airway inflammation and infection. It is usually acquired, but may result from an underlying genetic or congenital defect of airway defences. CAUSES: Congenital • Cystic fibrosis • Primary ciliary dyskinesia • Kartagener’s syndrome (sinusitis and transposition of the viscera) • Primary hypogammaglobulinaemia Acquired • Pneumonia (complicating whooping cough or measles) • Inhaled foreign body • Suppurative pneumonia • Pulmonary TB • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating asthma • Bronchial tumours CLINICAL FEATURES: ● Chronic cough productive of purulent sputum. ● Pleuritic pain. ● Haemoptysis. ● Halitosis. Acute exacerbations may cause fever and increase these symptoms. Examination reveals coarse crackles caused by sputum in bronchiectatic spaces. Diminished breath sounds may indicate lobar collapse. Bronchial breathing due to scarring may be heard in advanced disease. INVESTIG...

லம்பார் ஸ்பாண்டிலோஸிஸ்(lumbar spondylosis)

முன்னுரை ல ம்பார் ஸ்பாண்டிலோஸிஸ்(lumbar spondylosis) எனப்படும் மருத்துவ பிரச்சினைகள் என்பது முதுகுப் பகுதியில் ஏற்படும் நீண்ட நாள் முதுகு வலி. இவ்வாறு ஏற்படும் முதுகு வலி முதுகு முள்ளெலும்பு பகுதியில்(vertebral coloum) உள்ள தட்டு அழுத்தப் படுவதினால்(disk compression) அல்லது முள்ளெலும்பு பகுதியின பிரதான பகுதி சற்று இடம் நகர்வதால(displacement) முதுகு வலி ஏற்படுவதற்கு வாய்ப்புகள் உள்ளதாக கூறப்படுகின்றன. சில சமயங்களில் முதுகு தண்டு மற்றும் எலும்பு பகுதிகள் தொடர்சிதைவு(degeneration) ஆகும் போதும், முதுகெலும்பு தட்டு பகுதி, முதுகெலும்பு மூட்டு(facet joints) பகுதி தொடர்ந்து பிரச்சனைக்கு உள்ளாக்கப்படும் பொழுதும் முதுகு வலி ஏற்படுகிறது. ஸ்பாணடிலோஸிஸ் என்பதை முதுகு எலும்பு தேய்மானம்(osteoarthritis) எ ன்று கூறலாம். இவ்வாறு முதுகு எலும்பு தேய்மானம், ல ம்பார்(lumbar vertebrae) எனப்படும் கீழ் முதுகு எலும்பு பகுதிகள், மேல் முதுகு எலும்பு பகுதிகள்(thoracic vertebrae), மற்றும் கழுத்து முதுகெலும்பு(cervical vertebrae) பகுதிகள் போன்றவற்றை பாதிக்கலாம். பொதுவாக ஸ்பாண்டிலோசிஸ் எனப்படு...

CARDIAC REHABILITATION

Introduction “Cardiac Rehabilitation is the process by which patients with cardiac disease, in partnership with a multidisciplinary team of health professionals are encouraged to support and achieve and maintain optimal physical and psychosocial health. The involvement of partners, other family members and carers is also important”. Cardiac rehabilitation is an accepted form of management for people with cardiac disease. Initially, rehabilitation was offered mainly to people recovering from a myocardial infraction (MI), but now encompasses a wide range of cardiac problems. To achieve the goals of cardiac rehabilitation a multidisciplinary team approach is required. The multidisciplinary team members include: Cardiologist/Physician and co-coordinator to lead cardiac rehabilitation Clinical Nurse Specialist Physiotherapist Clinical nutritionist/Dietitian Occupational Therapist Pharmacist Psychologist Smoking cessation counsellor/nurse Social worker Vocational counsellor Clerical Ad...

CARDIAC ARREST AND RESUSCITATION

INTRODUCTION: The leading causes of sudden death before old age, in people over the age of 44, are ventricular fibrillation from asymptomatic ischaemic heart disease or non-traumatic accidents such as drowning and poisoning. In people under the age of 38, the commonest causes are traumatic, due to accident or violence. In such instances death may be prevented if airway obstruction can be reversed, apnoea or hypoventilation avoided, blood loss prevented or corrected and the person not allowed to be pulseless or hypoxic for more than 2 or 3 minutes. If, however, there is circulatory arrest for more than a few minutes, or if blood loss or severe hypoxia remain uncorrected, irreversible brain damage may result. Immediate resuscitation is capable of preventing death and brain damage. The techniques required may be used anywhere, with or without equipment, and by anyone, from the lay public to medical specialists, provided they have been appropriately trained. Resuscitation may be divided in...

RELAXED POSITIONS FOR BREATHLESS PATIENTS

Relaxation positions for the breathless patient If patients can be taught how to control their breathing during an attack of dyspnoea, this can be of great benefit to them. The patient should be put into a relaxed position, and encouraged to do ‘diaphragmatic’ breathing at his own rate. The rate of breathing does not matter at this stage; it is the pattern of breathing that is important. As the patient gains control of his breathing he should be encouraged to slow down his respiratory rate. Any of the following positions will assist relaxation of the upper chest while encouraging controlled diaphragmatic breathing. They can be adapted to various situations in everyday life. HIGH SIDE LYING Five or six pillows are used to raise the patient’s shoulders while lying on his side. One pillow should be placed between the waist and axilla, to keep the spine straight and prevent slipping down the bed. The top pillow must be above the shoulders, so that only the head and neck are supp...

PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Parkinson's EtiologyParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mostly presents in later life with generalized slowing of movements (bradykinesia) and at least one other symptom of resting tremor or rigidity. Other associated features are a loss of smell, sleep dysfunction, mood disorders, excess salivation, constipation, and excessive periodic limb movements in sleep (REM behavior disorder). PD is a disorder of the basal ganglia, which is composed of many other nuclei. The striatum receives excitatory and inhibitory input from several parts of the cortex. The key pathology is the loss of dopaminergic neurons that lead to the symptom . It is the seconds most common neuro-degenerative condition in the world after Alzheimer's. The condition is caused by the slow deterioration of the nerve cells in the brain, which create dopamine. Dopamine is a natural substance found in the brain that plays a major role in our brains and bodies by messag...

SRIKUMARAN PHYSIOTHERAPY & FITNESS CENTRE ( ஶ்ரீகுமரன் ‌‌‌‌பிசியோதெரபி & உடற்பயிற்சி மையம் )

Search This Blog